Card scheme (Consumer) – Exchange rate

Visa

https://usa.visa.com/support/consumer/travel-support/exchange-rate-calculator.html

https://www.visaeurope.com/making-payments/exchange-rates

Mastercard 

https://www.mastercard.us/en-us/consumers/get-support/convert-currency.html

UnionPay

https://www.unionpayintl.com/cardholderServ/serviceCenter/rate?language=en

American Express 

? 2.5% based on ?

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/05/amex-shares-fall-on-report-fbi-investigating-its-forex-pricing.html

https://www.wsj.com/articles/fbi-investigating-american-express-foreign-exchange-pricing-1536174074

 

Card Scheme Typical Product Line

1. Business Intelligence

  • Verified by Visa
  • VisaVue Online

2. Business to Business 

  • Public Sector Products
  • Small Business Products
  • Visa IntelliLink Compliance Management

3. Consumer Credit Products

  • Credit Products & Services
  • Visa Issuer Benchmark Study

4. Consumer Debit Products

  • Visa Debit Card Products
  • Visa DPS
  • International Cash Research
  • Visa Cash-Back

5. Digital Solutions

  • Visa Token Service
  • Mobile Products & Services
  • Visa Direct
  • Visa Checkout
  • Product Innovation

6. Payment Acceptance

  • Visa Payment Acceptance

7. Prepaid

  • Consumer Funded Prepaid Products
  • Corporate Funded Prepaid Products
  • Visa Government Disbursement Card
  • Prepaid Infrastructure & General Support

8. Products Features & Services

  • Visa Chip (EMV)
  • Visa Developer
  • Visa GCAS
  • Visa / Plus Global ATM Network
  • Visa Paywave
  • Visa Easy Payment Service (VEPS)
  • Visa Account Updater (VAU)
  • Visa Micro Tag
  • Visa Mini Card
  • Pre-Authorized Payment Cancellation Service

 

P2P

Platform : Provide bank service with less compliance cost

make use of platform trading data

SME has new product , popular. asking for bank financing but limited by bank requirement for financial report

Platform, if possible, make use of real-time sales figure, 1 year earlier than bank to understand the sales (cash) performance . In case SME purchase via the platform. The platform can monitor the whole supply chain

The reform started 5 years ago.

Bank risk management 。。。

Corporate/Wholesale Banking

Mid-cap/Middle Market, SME, Small-Medium Enterprise

lots of company and high risk

Bank : When low interest rate, low margin from deposit, make profit from hedging, Foreign Exchange (FX), Interest Rate Swap (IRS), Commodity, Structured Product

Client analysis : credit proposal with due diligence and monitoring

Risk assessment :

  1. Industry analysis
  2. Business operating
  3. Financial analysis
  4. Account past performance (Account conduct)

Financial analysis is more objective because operating data is audited. but having the issue of lagging

Listed company at least can provides bi-annual report. For SME, once a year mainly for tax reporting. earn a little, may even don’t have reference value because SME boss usually mix personal and company matters.

Corporate banking – either standardised or tailor-made product, can be given More choice for standard product e.g. bills, trade finance, hedging

credit monitoring

====

Personal banking – standardized product/service for customer, pricing may not be the same among different customer.

  • Deposit
  • secure/unsecure loan
  • investment
  • insurance

 

To manage mortgage loan > portfolio review instead of review one by one (low risk low margin)

Quarterly review for (1) >70% mortgage or (2) newly approved in past 24 months

mortgage loan for >5 years with good payment ability , regular review depending on HKMA (HK) and MAS (SG) requirement

 

信用卡盜刷與商戶

信用卡由銀行掛失後,銀行建議等待商戶請款後提出拒付、調單(查單)。

我的例子而言,第1筆交易顯然是不法之徒針對信用卡進行的小額交易測試,結算貨幣是美元,商戶 EXPIXMVPAMPZYOW MATI 無法識別,隨後的所有盜刷交易通過Apple iTunes 進行,個人估計該商戶是 Apple Developer,又或利用我的信用卡資料製造身分註冊成為Apple Developer,利用 iTunes 平台漏洞進行11筆盜刷交易,一系列交易類似 subscription 月供付費模式但無法證實。

10天後致電銀行查詢,銀行確認 Apple iTunes成功請款,銀行主動提出向收單行提出拒付申請,暫時無需支付相關交易款項,如調查發現交易確實為持卡人疏失,每筆徵費30港元,調查需時14-60工作天,同時建議聯繫Apple。

聯繫Apple過程:

  1. 通過 https://support.apple.com/en-sg/HT201382 連接以上聯絡Apple頁面
  2. 選擇 Schedule a Call ,提供我的電話號碼,兩分鐘後接到Apple來電,要求粵語或國語服務人員,等了5分鐘,對方通話掛斷。
  3. 再次致電,帶有美式口音的英語服務人員先確認我的全部AppleID 沒有進行交易,建議我與發卡行聯繫,無法繼續處理。我堅持讓他在我的Case ID下留下紀錄,包括信用卡最後4碼、發卡行、交易時間與金額。當時是星期六中午(美國時間週五凌晨),打算週一再致電Apple跟進。
  4. 週一憑著原有Case ID致電Apple,這次由印式口音的英語服務人員處理,非常專業,我提出是否需要提供授權碼查找交易,她說不需要並先再次確認我全部AppleID 沒有進行任何信用卡交易,隨即依據原有Case ID的資料找到相關交易,承諾退款,需時4-5個工作天

最後致電銀行通知跟進,一如以往,銀行必須按照既定程序處理。

總結:我是幸運的,遇到大部分的銀行和Apple工作人員都很好。當然,如果不幸盜刷事件再次發生,我可能選擇更有效率地處理:銀行取消信用卡後並詢問授權碼(若有)備用,網上報案(https://www.erc.police.gov.hk/),即時致電Apple詢問是否可以取消請款。

 

 

 

 

信用卡盜用與銀行支援

信用卡被盜用,作為相關服務行業從業員,早已見怪不怪,也熟悉詐騙手法。第1筆是針對信用卡是否有效的測試交易,接下來11筆相同金額交易是預授權交易(pre-authorization),最後1筆交易被拒絕,表示銀行的自動化風險管理措施起作用了。

毫無疑問,要給銀行打電話凍結及取消信用卡。

銀行處理失卡取決於卡號是否可繼續使用,畢竟每個信用卡號碼都可以為銀行賺錢,因此部分銀行保留對持卡人收取發出新卡徵收費用的權利。

致電銀行報失卡, Level 1 support 只限凍結卡(Base 1 File Exception),限制交易,如持卡人或銀行同意撤銷限制,信用卡及相關卡號仍可繼續使用;Level 2 Support 取消卡,卡號無法繼續使用。銀行卡中心支援部分到此為止,那被盜用的交易怎麼辦?

無論在有卡(Card Present)或無卡支付(Card Not Present)環境下,銀行需等待商戶請款(返單)後才可開啟爭議交易程序,因為縱使你的信用卡被盜用,目前只有信用額度被扣起,錢實際上還在你手,沒有付給銀行。如果商戶沒有在合理時間內請款,銀行會將你的信用額度返還,一般是14個工作天到60個工作天,視乎銀行發卡守則。

順帶一提,人在海外,卡被盜用,沒辦法讓國內親友幫忙打電話到銀行報失卡怎麼辦?

  • 請警局或酒店幫忙撥打 Visa / MasterCard / American Express 當地免費號碼,接到卡中心。(同時向當地警察備案)
  • 用 Skype 或其他免費VoIP電話撥打免付費號碼

References:

Click to access gcas_general_numbers.pdf

Click to access emergency_numbers_02Jan2008.pdf

https://www.americanexpress.com/us/content/contact-us/international-numbers.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization_hold

https://www.chargebee.com/blog/making-sense-credit-card-declines/

https://support.payjunction.com/hc/en-us/articles/213388398-Full-List-of-Approval-Codes-and-Decline-Codes

https://www.heropay.com/glossary/base-i-transaction/

Card Present vs. Card Not Present Transactions

https://www.quora.com/What-is-BASE-1-and-Base-2-with-respect-to-Card-transaction-authorization-request

Level III Credit Card Processing: Large Tickets, B2G, and Purchasing Cards

https://chargebacks911.com/knowledge-base/card-not-present-transactions/

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